DERECHO TRIBUTARIO Y CONSTITUCIONAL DERECHO Y NUEVAS TECNOLOGIAS ACTUALIDAD JURIDICA Y ECONOMICA MEDIOAMBIENTE
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Tuesday, March 31, 2020
Monday, March 30, 2020
Saturday, March 28, 2020
Friday, March 27, 2020
Wednesday, March 25, 2020
Tuesday, March 24, 2020
Monday, March 23, 2020
Sunday, March 22, 2020
EL TSUNAMI DESATADO DE LA DEUDA (JEROME ROOS)
Jerome Roos ha resumido la situación desde el lado esencial y crítico de la deuda de estados, países y agentes económicos de una manera ejemplar. Conviene no engañarse a uno mismo ni tampoco a los demás. Desmintiendo categóricamente al Secretario del Tesoro de los Estados Unidos - Mnuchin- , esta crisis no solo es -también-una crisis financiera como la de 2008, sino que es más profunda, más peligrosa y de un alcance que no es posible todavía calibrar siquiera.
"According to the Institute of International Finance,
total debt reached $253 trillion in late 2019,
or the equivalent of 322% of global GDP – the highest it has ever been. Now
that large parts of Europe and North America are following China in imposing
far-reaching lockdowns, concerns are growing over the viability of this
enormous debt pile. In the sharp economic contraction of the next few months,
widely expected to become the worst in peacetime history, countless borrowers
will struggle to repay their debts. This in turn risks unleashing a major
international debt crisis that will make the market crash and global recession
of 2008–’09 look like child’s play.
To be clear: these systemic vulnerabilities
precede the present pandemic and have been well over a decade in the making.
For years now, experts have been issuing repeated warnings of surging global
debt levels (...) As recently as January, the incoming chief of the
International Monetary Fund, Kristalina Georgieva, shared her concern
that renewed market instability might well leave the global economy susceptible
to a repeat of the Great Depression.
(...)
As we all know, governments around the world
responded to the crash of 2008 by bailing out their financial institutions,
leading to a rapid rise in public debt levels, especially in Europe, where the
resultant loss of investor confidence subsequently triggered the European
sovereign debt crisis, which was never truly resolved. This second stage of the
global financial crisis marked the beginning of a decade of austerity, with
many governments aggressively cutting back on social spending – including in
the healthcare sector – while doing everything in their power to prop up the
global financial system.
The world’s leading central banks soon joined this
effort to preserve the financialised world economy, cutting interest rates to
historic lows and pumping the equivalent of over $11 trillion worth of new
money into circulation through their quantitative easing (QE) programmes. These
dramatic monetary interventions helped stave off a total collapse of the global
financial system, but they came at the cost of a fresh wave of speculative
investment and a rapid increase in global debt levels, which has left the world
economy extremely vulnerable to an unforeseen external shock.
And what a shock we got: a near-complete shutdown
of productive and commercial activity in some of the world’s leading economies,
combined with a collapse in the oil price followed by a synchronised and
virtually instantaneous crash of money and capital markets, which threatened to
freeze up international credit and payments systems, amidst concerns over
collapsing global supply chains and skyrocketing unemployment levels. If ever
there was a perfect storm, this has to be it.
(...)
There are three particular areas for concern here.
First, it is a cruel irony that the country most heavily affected by the
pandemic – Italy – also happens to carry the largest sovereign debt load in
Europe (and the fourth largest in the world). The Italian banking sector, still
overburdened by non-performing loans and heavily exposed to its own
government’s debt, also happens to be one of the most fragile on the continent.
According to a Financial Times analysis, Italy’s ongoing
economic collapse therefore poses an “existential threat” to the Eurozone and
the European financial system.
A second area of concern relates to the rapidly
rising debt levels in developing countries and emerging markets. Last December,
well before the outbreak of the coronavirus epidemic was even officially
recognized, the World Bank already warned of the risk of
a major global debt crisis, amidst the “largest, fastest and most broad-based”
wave of debt accumulation in the Global South for the past 50 years.
(...)
So far, emerging markets have been particularly
hard hit by the investor panic in response to the public health emergency,
experiencing a dramatic outflow of foreign funds since the start of the year.
As Adam Tooze has noted, total capital
flight from emerging markets reached $55 billion in the past eight weeks
– double the rate seen at the height of the global financial crisis in
2008 or during the “taper tantrum” of 2013. If these outflows are not
stabilised soon, a wave of debt defaults beckons.
Finally, the third area of concern has to do with
the rapid buildup of debt among non-banking firms. In October last year, the
IMF issued a dire warning over the $19
trillion corporate debt timebomb ticking away beneath the surface of the world
economy. The Fund found that over 40% of corporate debt in eight leading
economies would become unserviceable in the event of a downturn half as bad as
the last one. The way things look now, we are actually on the verge of
something far worse than that.
This year alone, some $2 trillion worth of
corporate debt is due to be rolled over. But with credit markets freezing up
and lenders refusing to extend new loans to businesses, many companies will
undoubtedly fail to meet their payment schedules over the next months. Although
US banks are now much stronger than they were back in 2008 and unlikely to fail
anytime soon, the resultant wave of corporate bankruptcies will have severe
knock-on effects on the unregulated shadow banking sector, which gobbled up
trillions of dollars worth in risky corporate bonds during the central
bank-fueled speculative boom of the past decade.
In a further twist, some of the most heavily
indebted sectors with the largest bond payments falling due this year are also
the ones most heavily exposed to the economic fallout of the pandemic:
international airlines, European carmakers and American shale oil companies
(the latter are doubly affected by the combination of falling demand for petroleum
and the simultaneous oil price war launched by Saudi Arabia this month).
(...)
The coronavirus pandemic could therefore end up
posing an existential threat not only to millions of human beings worldwide,
but also to the debt-based financialised world economy whose recurring crises
have come to define our era. Will the status quo be able to survive the
unprecedented economic experiment of collective quarantines and national
lockdowns around the globe? It is still too early to tell. But one thing is now
abundantly clear: global capitalism finds itself at a critical juncture. The
way in which this crisis is resolved will continue to shape the course of world
history for decades to come."
JEROME ROOS IS A FELLOW OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY AT THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS
Friday, March 20, 2020
Thursday, March 19, 2020
Wednesday, March 18, 2020
Tuesday, March 17, 2020
Monday, March 16, 2020
CUESTIONES TRIBUTARIAS PLANTEADAS POR EL RD 463/2020,POR EL QUE SE DECLARA EL ESTADO DE ALARMA
0.- NOTIFICACIONES EN
DIRECCIÓN ELECTRÓNICA HABILITADA (DEH) O EN SEDE ELECTRÓNICA Y NOTIFICACIONES
ORDINARIAS
Previsiblemente la AEAT suspenderá el envío de notificaciones
electrónicas a las DEH con posterioridad a la entrada en vigor del RD.
No obstante, las enviadas con anterioridad al 14 de marzo de
2020, o posterioridad a la entrada en vigor del RD, tendrían suspendidos los
plazos que se inicien a partir de las mismas, tanto para llevar a cabo su
descarga (10 días) como para el inicio de cualquier plazo en los respectivos
procedimientos.
Todos los plazos de descarga o inicio se encontrarían
suspendidos por el plazo del RD y sus prórrogas, tanto para las notificaciones
electrónicas como para las no electrónicas.
La excepción a lo anterior requeriría la expresa conformidad
del contribuyente (apartado 3 Disposición adicional tercera RD)
I.- PROCEDIMIENTOS DE
RECAUDACIÓN TRIBUTARIA
La suspensión de los plazos de caducidad en la tramitación
de los procedimientos en curso a la entrada en vigor del RD no parece plantear
especiales problemas, pero debe destacarse que dichos plazos exigen una norma
con rango legal (artículo 8.1.f) LGT).
La suspensión del plazo de prescripción en curso nos parece
que plantea una cuestión de legalidad relevante, puesto que la LGT (artículo 8.f))
exige su regulación por una norma con norma legal y afecta al ejercicio de
derechos. La autorización del Real Decreto por la remisión de la Ley Orgánica
4/1981 podría no considerarse suficiente, salvo que se considera que la
declaración “degrada” inmediatamente el rango normativo para cualquier materia
incluida en su ámbito. No parece que ese sea el régimen legal de la Ley
Orgánica 4/1981 (artículo 1.4):
“La declaración de los estados de alarma, excepción y sitio
no interrumpe el normal funcionamiento de los poderes constitucionales del
Estado”
Todos los plazos de los procedimientos de recaudación en vía
voluntaria y ejecutiva de cobro iniciados con anterioridad a la entrada en
vigor del RD deberían considerarse suspendidos por el plazo del RD y sus
prórrogas
II.- PROCEDIMIENTOS
DE GESTIÓN TRIBUTARIA
La suspensión de los plazos de caducidad en la tramitación
de los procedimientos en curso a la entrada en vigor del RD no parece plantear
especiales problemas, pero debe destacarse que dichos plazos exigen una norma
con rango legal (artículo 8.1.f) LGT).
La suspensión del plazo de prescripción en curso plantearía
la misma cuestión señalada respecto de la recaudación, si bien referida al
derecho a determinar la deuda tributaria mediante la oportuna liquidación.
Respecto de las autoliquidaciones y de los plazos para su
presentación, nos parece que quedarían afectadas las autoliquidaciones cuyo término
o vencimiento tuviera lugar durante la vigencia del RD y sus prórrogas, como
consecuencia de la suspensión “ope legis” del término y plazo con vencimiento
durante la vigencia del RD.
III.- PROCEDIMIENTOS
DE INSPECCIÓN TRIBUTARIA
La suspensión de los plazos de caducidad en la tramitación
de los procedimientos en curso a la entrada en vigor del RD no parece plantear
especiales problemas, pero debe destacarse que dichos plazos exigen una norma
con rango legal (artículo 8.1.f) LGT) y que su transcurso determina que la
prescripción no se considere interrumpida (artículo 150.6 LGT).
La suspensión del plazo de prescripción en curso plantearía
la misma cuestión señalada respecto de la recaudación y gestión, referida al
derecho a determinar la deuda tributaria mediante la oportuna liquidación. Resultaría
expresamente contraria al artículo 150.6 de la LGT.
IV.- RECURSOS DE
REPOSICIÓN Y RECLAMACIONES ECONÓMICO ADMINISTRATIVAS
Respecto de estos recursos y reclamaciones por actos o
resoluciones notificados con anterioridad a la entrada en vigor del RD, o
durante su vigencia, y de los plazos para su presentación, nos parece que
quedarían afectados los actos susceptibles de recurso y reclamación cuyo término
o vencimiento tuviera lugar durante la vigencia del RD y sus prórrogas, como
consecuencia de la suspensión “ope legis” del término y plazo con vencimiento
durante la vigencia del RD y sus prórrogas.
(Este comentario provisional y de urgencia es una valoración personal destinada a dar a
conocer las cuestiones planteadas por el Real Decreto 463/2020 en el ámbito
tributario y no constituye asesoramiento legal alguno)
Sunday, March 15, 2020
Saturday, March 14, 2020
Friday, March 13, 2020
Thursday, March 12, 2020
Wednesday, March 11, 2020
Tuesday, March 10, 2020
Monday, March 9, 2020
IMAGENES ECONÓMICAS LARGO TIEMPO IGNORADAS (MINSKY-YMARX)
Currently one of the most dangerous
charts in financial markets: US credit markets have grown from $2trn in 2008 to
$7trn today. All driven by much more BBB and single-A paper outstanding. BBB
could become junk should the economy go into recession. (Chart via DB's Slok)
#Oil price meltdown: Saudi Aramco has lost almost $500bn in mkt cap from ATH
in Dec.
#China's exports plunged in Jan & Feb, declining by more-than-exp 17.2%.
Coronavirus outbreak led to extended holidays, depressed factory output, &
blocked transport & movement across country. Imports also declined,
although increases in commodities purchases offset some of that.
OUCH! EuroStoxx Banks Index hits lowest since 2012 as bond yields
collapse. Now down 4.3%.
Ten years on from the escalation of the Eurozone
crisis, the yield on the Greek 10-year bond has fallen below 1 % for the first
time EVER. Down from 35% in 2011. @dailyshot
Just to put things into perspective: US 30y yields plunge below 1% for
first time in history.
Just to put things into perspective: The sudden crash in oil prices
to near $30 a barrel takes the market back to early 2016 when rising US shale
exports caused a global glut. Brent crude plummeted >31% shortly after the
open, the most since the Gulf War in 1991. (via BBG)
Global stock mkt rout deepens w/US Futures starts down >4% to the week as crashing oil prices add to coronavirus worries.
Wednesday, March 4, 2020
Tuesday, March 3, 2020
Monday, March 2, 2020
Sunday, March 1, 2020
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